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Henri, Count of Paris
Henri of Orléans, Count of Paris (Henri Robert Ferdinand Marie Louis Philippe d'Orléans; 5 July 1908 – 19 June 1999), was the Orléanist claimant to the throne of France as Henry VI from 1940 until his death.
==Youth and education==
He was born at the castle of Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache in Aisne, France to Jean, Duke of Guise (1874–1940), and his wife, Isabelle of Orléans (1878–1961).〔de Montjouvent, Philippe. ''Le Comte de Paris et sa Descendance''. Editions du Chaney, 1998, Charenton, France. pp. 21, 23-26, 34-36, 40-41, 187, 197, 310, 313, 467-468. (French) ISBN 2-913211-00-3.〕 His family moved to Larache, Morocco in 1909, purchasing a plantation in the Spanish sector, ''Maarif'', and one in the French sector, ''Sid Mohammed ben Lahsen'', after Morocco became a French protectorate in 1912.〔 Here, Henri rose at 4 am daily, accompanying his father to oversee livestock management and crop production on their scattered lands, later in the day being tutored by European governesses and his mother: He acquired fluency in French, Arabic, English, German, Italian and Spanish.〔 He visited relatives in France often, spending the beginning of World War I in Paris while his father sought to fight on the side of the French. Being rebuffed by France, Belgium and the United Kingdom, Prince Jean finally took his family back to Morocco and farming.〔
In 1921 Henri's governesses were replaced with a series of preceptors, all coming from France. First among these was the ''abbé'' Carcenat from Auvergne. In 1923 the ''abbé'' Thomas took over Henri's instruction and, being less traditional in his approach, awakened in his charge a hitherto undetected thirst for knowledge.〔 Using the wedding of the prince's sister that year in France as an opportunity, Thomas obtained permission to take Henri to the Parisian ''banlieues'' of Meudon and Issy-les-Moulineaux, then working class slums in which the ''abbé'' would volunteer to serve the needy daily, bringing Henri into close contact with day laborers.〔 He would later write that this wretched urban experience profoundly affected his future political outlook and sense of justice, contrasting unfavourably with the deprivation to which he was accustomed in Morocco where, he observed, the poor were at least able to enjoy fresh air, space and sunlight while surrounded by relatives and neighbors who shared a near universal poverty, compared to the depressing grime, crowded conditions and anonymity in which Parisian workers toiled amidst extremes of wealth and deprivation.〔 After a year Thomas, whose health suffered in Morocco, was replaced as Henri's preceptor by ''abbé'' Dartein, who accompanied the family to France in 1924, preparing the prince for his collegiate matriculation while they occupied an apartment near his parents in Paris.〔
Henri began a two-year study of mathematics and the sciences at the University of Louvain in 1924, studying the law for the two years following.〔 His father, having become heir presumptive to the royal claims of the House of Orléans in 1924, betook the family to Europe again but, now banned by law from living openly in France, took up residence at the ''Manoir d'Anjou'', a 15 hectare estate in Woluwé-Saint-Pierre near Brussels, Belgium that had been purchased in 1923 for 75,000 francs.〔 From across the border in France came scholars and veterans of renown to coach Henri for his future role as a royalist leader, including jurist Ernest Perrot, military strategist General de Gondrecourt and Charles Benoist, a member of the ''Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques'' who would serve as his advisor from 1930.〔
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